Berwick Castle is an important 12th century stone keep and courtyard fortress, founded by King David I. Standing against the steep slope of the River Tweed, its high curtain wall, flanked by nine towers, protected a range of magnificent inner buildings. In 1296-8, King Edward I had the castle rebuilt and the town fortified and in the 16th century, the walls were strengthened with the addition of two semi-circular artillery flanking towers, one at the rivers edge and the other on the angle of the curtain wall. After centuries of border conflict, the building of the Elizabethan Ramparts isolated the castle and then in 1847, the building of the railway levelled all the remaining buildings and walls, expect the west curtain wall and the stepped White Wall, with its spectacular Breakneck Stairs. Nearby is the Bell Tower and 7 miles south-west is Norham Castle.