Norham Castle is an early 12th century earthwork motte and bailey fortress, founded by Bishop, Ralph de Flambard. In 1157, Bishop, Hugh de Puiset founded the stone castle, when adding a keep and a curtain wall to the large motte and two gatehouses to the kidney-shaped outer bailey. In the 13th century, the outer bailey curtain wall was built on a substructure of arches and flanked by towers and turrets. After the siege of 1513, Bishop, Thomas Ruthal rebuild the castle, strengthening the damaged fortifications with gun-ports and flanking bastions. Around 1900, one of the south bastions was absorbed in the construction of a gothic cottage. 4 miles south-west is Twizel Castle and 7 miles north-east is Berwick Castle.