Durham Castle is a Norman earthwork motte and bailey fortress, founded in 1072 by Waltheof, earl of Northumberland. In the 12th century, Bishop Ranulph Flambard founded the stone castle and over the centuries, the Bishops of Durham transformed it into an impressive episcopal palace. The large motte supports an irregular octagonal keep, which was rebuilt by Anthony Salvin in 1840, on its 14th century foundations. To the west, the triangular bailey contains an imposing range of lodgings, chapels and halls. On the western edge of the city, is the battle site of Neville's Cross. 6 miles east is Ludworth Tower and 7 miles north is Lumley Castle.