Arundel Castle is an earthwork motte and bailey fortress, founded by Roger de Montgomery. Built in the Norman plan of two large baileys, with the motte in-between, King Henry I founded the stone castle in the early 12th century. The huge motte is crowned with a 12th century shell keep, which guards the square towered inner bailey gatehouse and the Bevis Tower in the outer bailey. In the 17th century, during the Civil War, the castle was twice besieged and badly damaged, first by Royalists who took control, then by a Parliamentarian force led by William Waller. In the late 18th century, Charles Howard, the 11th Duke, founded the ducal residence, rebuilding the medieval buildings destroyed in the Civil War and encasing others. 5 miles north is Amberley Castle.