Jedburgh Abbey was originally the mid 12th century stone Augustinian Abbey of St Mary, founded by King David I. It stands on a site which has been occupied by a church from the 9th century but later it was a frequent target for invading border armies. Wrecked and plundered during the Wars of Independence by English troops under Sir Richard Hastings, the abbey was reconstructed in the 14th and 15th century only to be ravaged again in 1410, 1416 and 1464. The tower was partly rebuilt in the early 16th century but in 1523 it was torched by troops under the Earl of Surrey. During the 'Rough Wooing' invasion of 1544 and 1545, troops under Sir Ralph Ewer and the Earl of Hertford both burnt the abbey. Used for the consecration of Bishop David Painter in 1552, it was closed down in the 1560 Protestant Reformation, along with all the other Scottish monastic houses. Nearby is Jedburgh Castle and Queen Mary's House.