Richmond Castle is a Norman stone keep and courtyard fortress, founded by Alan the Red, count of Penthievre. Two massive 11th century curtain walls, flanked by rectangular towers, stand against the steep banks of the River Swale. They form a formidable triangular platform, with a gatehouse at the apex and the two storey Scolland's Hall, at the south-east angle. In the 12th century, the gatehouse was replaced by an impressive four storey keep, with two storey turrets on the angles. A small walled barbican, flanked by an outer gatehouse defended the keep and east of Scolland's Hall, the Cockpit, the triangular second ward was enclosed by a curtain wall, with a wide arched gateway. 6 miles south-west is Walburn Hall and 14 miles north-west is Barnard Castle.